• Silver JK, Ghalib R, Poorman JA, Al-Assi D, Parangi S, Bhargava H, et al. Analysis of gender equity in leadership of physician-focused medical specialty societies, 2008–2017. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(3):433–5.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sege R, Nykiel-Bub L, Selk S. Sex differences in institutional support for junior biomedical researchers. JAMA. 2015;314(11):1175–7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Witteman HO, Hendricks M, Straus S, Tannenbaum C. Are gender gaps due to evaluations of the applicant or the science? A natural experiment at a national funding agency. The Lancet. 2019;393(10171):531–40.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Head MG, Fitchett JR, Cooke MK, Wurie FB, Atun R. Differences in research funding for women scientists: a systematic comparison of UK investments in global infectious disease research during 1997–2010. BMJ Open. 2013;3(12): e003362.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mehta S, Rose L, Cook D, Herridge M, Owais S, Metaxa V. The speaker gender gap at critical care conferences. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(6):991–6.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jena AB, Khullar D, Ho O, Olenski AR, Blumenthal DM. Sex differences in academic rank in us medical schools in 2014. JAMA. 2015;314(11):1149–58.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jena AB, Olenski AR, Blumenthal DM. Sex differences in physician salary in us public medical schools. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(9):1294–304.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rimmer A. Review of £10 000 gender pay gap in medicine is launched. BMJ. 2018;361.

  • Blickenstaff JC. Women and science careers: leaky pipeline or gender filter? Gend Educ. 2005;17(4):369–86.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • World Health Organization. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Elias E. Lessons learned from women in leadership positions. Work. 2018;59(2):175–81.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chisholm-Burns MA, Spivey CA, Hagemann T, Josephson MA. Women in leadership and the bewildering glass ceiling. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017;74(5):312–24.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chattopadhyay R, Duflo E. Women as policy makers: evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica. 2004;72(5):1409–43.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Beaman L, Duflo E, Pande R, Topalova P. Female leadership raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: a policy experiment in India. Science. 2012;335(6068):582–6.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Clark J, Zuccala E, Horton R. Women in science, medicine, and global health: call for papers. Lancet. 2017;390(10111):2423–4.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mousa M, Mullins AK, Skouteris H, Boyle J, Teede HJ. Organisational best practices for advancing women in leadership: protocol for a systematic literature review. BMJ Open. 2021;11(4): e046982.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Parsons Leigh J, de Grood C, Ahmed S, Bosma K, Burns KEA, Fowler R, et al. Improving gender equity in critical care medicine: a protocol to establish priorities and strategies for implementation. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6): e037090.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mousa M, Boyle J, Skouteris H, Mullins AK, Currie G, Riach K, et al. Advancing women in healthcare leadership: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of multi-sector evidence on organisational interventions. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;12(39): 101084.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chesak SS, Salinas M, Abraham H, Harris CE, Carey EC, Khalsa T, et al. Experiences of gender inequity among women physicians across career stages: findings from participant focus groups. Women’s Health Reports. 2022;3(1):359–68.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Glauser W. Rise of women in medicine not matched by leadership roles. Can Med Assoc J. 2018;190(15):E479–80.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Canadian Medical Association. Addressing gender equity and diversity in Canada’s medical profession: A review Ottawa: Canadian Medical Association; Federation of Medical Women of Canada; 2018.

  • Chauvin S, Mulsant BH, Sockalingam S, Stergiopoulos V, Taylor VH, Vigod SN. Gender differences in research productivity among academic psychiatrists in Canada. Can J Psychiatry. 2019;64(6):415–22.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Spector ND, Asante PA, Marcelin JR, Poorman JA, Larson AR, Salles A, et al. Women in pediatrics: progress, barriers, and opportunities for equity, diversity, and inclusion. Pediatrics. 2019;144(5): e20192149.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • World Health Organization. The 2022 update: Global health workforce statistics. Geneva: World Health Organization 2022. Contract No.: January, 14.

  • Canadian Institute for Health Information. Canada’s Health Care Providers, 2015–2019—Data Tables Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2020.

  • Eysenbach G. Correction: Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(1): e8.

    Article 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Walsh A, Borkowski SC. Gender differences in factors affecting health care administration career development. Hosp Health Serv Adm. 1995;40(2):263–77.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Metz I, Tharenou P. Women’s career advancement: the relative contribution of human and social capital. Group Org Manag. 2001;26(3):312–42.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Myrtle R, Chen DR, Liu C, Fahey D. Job and career influences on the career commitment of health care executives: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. J Health Organ Manag. 2011;25(6):693–710.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Greenhaus JH, Bedeian AG, Mossholder KW. Work experiences, job performance, and feelings of personal and family well-being. J Vocat Behav. 1987;31(2):200–15.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • KPMG. Women’s leadership study: Moving women forward into leadership roles. New York: KPMG; 2015. Contract No.: August 18. 2022.

  • Weng Q, McElroy JC. Vocational self-concept crystallization as a mediator of the relationship between career self-management and job decision effectiveness. J Vocat Behav. 2010;76(2):234–43.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Akkermans J, Brenninkmeijer V, Huibers M, Blonk RWB. Competencies for the contemporary career: development and preliminary validation of the career competencies questionnaire. J Career Dev. 2012;40(3):245–67.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Laschinger H. CWEQ: Conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire 2012 [cited 2020 November 3]. Available from: https://www.uwo.ca/fhs/hkl/cweq.html.

  • Wang Q, Weng Q, McElroy JC, Ashkanasy NM, Lievens F. Organizational career growth and subsequent voice behavior: the role of affective commitment and gender. J Vocat Behav. 2014;84(3):431–41.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Staats C, Capatosto K, Tenney L, Mamo S. State of the Science: Implicit Bias Review. Columbus, Ohio: The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, The Ohio State University; 2017.

  • Surawicz CM. Women in leadership: why so few and what to do about it. J Am Coll Radiol. 2016;13(12):1433–7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Blair IV, Steiner JF, Havranek EP. Unconscious (implicit) bias and health disparities: where do we go from here? Perm J. 2011;15(2):71–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • LeanIn. Women in the Workplace 2019. Lean In McKinsey & Company; 2019.

  • Ayyala MS, Skarupski K, Bodurtha JN, González-Fernández M, Ishii LE, Fivush B, et al. Mentorship is not enough: exploring sponsorship and its role in career advancement in academic medicine. Acad Med. 2019;94(1):94–100.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Foust-Cummings H, Dinolfo S, Kohler J. Sponsoring women to success. New York: Catalyst; 2011. Report No.: 0895843196.

  • Song M-K, Lin F-C, Ward SE, Fine JP. Composite variables: when and how. Nurs Res. 2013;62(1):45–9.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zdravkovic M, Osinova D, Brull SJ, Prielipp RC, Simões CM, Berger-Estilita J. Perceptions of gender equity in departmental leadership, research opportunities, and clinical work attitudes: an international survey of 11 781 anaesthesiologists. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(3):e160–70.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ridgeway CL, Smith-Lovin L. The gender system and interaction. Ann Rev Sociol. 1999;25(1):191–216.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Eagly AH, Carli LL. Through the labyrinth: the truth about how women become leaders. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; 2007.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Derks B, Van Laar C, Ellemers N. The beneficial effects of social identity protection on the performance motivation of members of devalued groups. Soc Issues Policy Rev. 2007;1(1):217–56.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shillcutt SK, Parangi S, Diekman S, Ghalib R, Schoenthaler R, Girgis LM, et al. Survey of women physicians’ experience with elected leadership positions. Health Equity. 2019;3(1):162–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Payne S. Policy brief: How can gender equity be addressed through health systems? Denmark World Health Organization 2009.

  • Kaiser CR, Major B, Jurcevic I, Dover TL, Brady LM, Shapiro JR. Presumed fair: Ironic effects of organizational diversity structures. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;104(3):504–19.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Woehler ML, Cullen-Lester KL, Porter CM, Frear KA. Whether, how, and why networks influence men’s and women’s career success: review and research agenda. J Manag. 2020;47(1):207–36.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Crooke T. Female leaders: Be yourself, but learn from the male playbook The Globe and Mail 2015.

  • Ibarra H, Ely R, Kolb D. Women Rising: The Unseen Barriers. Harvard Business Review; 2013.

  • Fels A. Do women lack ambition? Harv Bus Rev. 2004;82:50–6.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Edmunds LD, Ovseiko PV, Shepperd S, Greenhalgh T, Frith P, Roberts NW, et al. Why do women choose or reject careers in academic medicine? A narrative review of empirical evidence. Lancet. 2016;388(10062):2948–58.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • DeCastro R, Griffith KA, Ubel PA, Stewart A, Jagsi R. Mentoring and the career satisfaction of male and female academic medical faculty. Acad Med. 2014;89(2):301–11.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Travis EL, Doty L, Helitzer DL. Sponsorship: a path to the academic medicine C-suite for women faculty? Acad Med. 2013;88(10):1414–7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Miller J, Chuba E, Deiner S, DeMaria S, Katz D. Trends in authorship. Anesthesiol J. 2019;129(1):306–10.


    Google Scholar
     

  • link

    By admin